Shoot 'em ups are a sub-genre of shooter video games, in turn a type of action video game. Formerly, critics described any game where the primary design element was shooting as a "shoot 'em up", but later shoot 'em ups became a specific, inward-looking genre based on design conventions established in those shooting games of the 1980s. Others widen the scope to include games featuring such protagonists as robots or humans on foot, as well as including games featuring "on-rails" (or "into the screen") and "run and gun" movement. Some restrict the genre to games featuring some kind of craft, using fixed or scrolling movement. Beyond this, critics differ on exactly which design elements constitute a shoot 'em up. The controlling player must rely primarily on reaction times to succeed. 3.3 "Bullet hell" evolution and niche appealĪ "shoot 'em up", also known as a "shmup" or "STG", is a game in which the protagonist combats a large number of enemies by shooting at them while dodging their fire.In the mid-1990s, shoot 'em ups became a niche genre based on design conventions established in the 1980s, and increasingly catered to specialist enthusiasts, particularly in Japan. Shoot 'em ups were popular throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. Space Invaders premiered in Japanese arcades in 1978. However, Tomohiro Nishikado, creator of Space Invaders, is generally credited with inventing the genre. The genre's origins can be traced back to Spacewar!, one of the earliest computer games, developed in 1962 and eventually released in amusement arcades in the early 1970s. Popular sub-genres include side-scrolling shooters and Run & Gun video games. Shoot 'em ups are generally considered to be one of the most difficult genres of video games. "Bullet hell" games feature overwhelming numbers of enemy projectiles. Shoot 'em ups are known for their fast-paced action, often having dizzying amounts of bullets and enemies on the screen and call for the player to memorize levels and enemy attack patterns. Some restrict the definition to games featuring spacecraft and certain types of character movement others allow a broader definition including characters on foot and a variety of perspectives. There is no consensus as to which design elements compose a shoot 'em up. Shoot 'em ups are action video games that characteristically feature either a top-down or horizontal view. Shoot 'em ups, have the player control a lone character (or vehicle) whose objective is to destroy waves upon waves of enemies while dodging their attacks. Shoot 'em up video games (also known as shmups or STG) is a sub-genre of the shooter genre of video games.
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